Most vegetarian diets are defined by the exclusion of meats and other flesh foods. A healthy vegetarian diet includes a variety of plant-based foods. Animal products such as dairy and eggs may be selectively consumed in varying amounts or not at all. Plant foods include: grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, plant oils, herbs and spices, and some plant-based beverages. A variety of foods from all plant food groups consumed daily in adequate quantities provide most of the recommended nutrients, fiber, and other substances needed.

Vegetarians who base their diets entirely on plant foods should take caution in selecting foods to meet their nutritional needs. Vegetarian diets which include dairy foods and/or eggs provide all the nutrients needed, and have been shown to be healthful in a variety of populations.

Plant foods are naturally devoid of vitamin B12, and individuals who avoid dairy products and/or eggs need a regular and reliable source of this vitamin, such as B12-fortified breakfast cereals, vegetable protein products and milk alternatives, or a vitamin preparation. Calcium-rich plant food include, calcium-fortified fruit juices and milk alternatives, some nuts, and dried fruits.

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